PV-modules function by converting the solar radiation into electricity. The process transpires as the semiconductor layer in the module adsorbs the light particles, the protons, which transfers the energy to the electrons in the semiconductor. This energy sets the electrons in motion, the electric current, in a fixed direction that is controlled by the uniform crystalline structure, often silicon materials, of the semiconductor. The process is driven by an electrical field, which is generated using two semiconductor layers, the n-type and the p-type. In addition to the semiconducting layer, solar cells consist of a top metallic grid or other electrical contact in order to collect electrons from the semiconductor for consumption purposes as well as a back contact layer to complete the electrical circuit. Then, on top is typically a glass cover or other type of transparent encapsulant to seal the PV-module and to keep weather out, and an antireflective coating to prevent the light from reflecting back from the cell.

Solar power generation is available in multiple scales, from independent one-house systems up to centralised photovoltaic power plants. Basically stand-alone systems are self-sustaining systems that need sufficient battery capacity as well as supplementary power sources, such as a conventional generator or a windmill, in order to deliver continuous supply. However, as most buildings are connected to an existing power network, PV-modules can be installed as ancillary power sources that supply electricity according to the incoming solar radiation quantities. If the solar power generation exceeds the consumption, the surplus can be sold to whatever company that runs the utility grid. Modules can be installed either as part of the building design or as separate racks.

Demonstration Projects:
Tenants’ influence and CO₂ reduction, Copenhagen, Denmark
New identity for urban area, Austria - Radstadt
Improving efficiency of urban energy supply systems, France - Grenoble
Leamington House – Highly efficient heating system for improving thermal performance in Portsmouth, UK
Renewable energy supply to a "Green Region", Italy - Abruzzo
Poland, Piaseczno: Secondary school - use of heat recovery ventilation supplied by PV

Technology Producers
www.dansksolenergi.dk
www.arcon.dk
www.siemenssolar.com
www.photowatt.com
www.gaiasolar.dk